Which term is defined as an unexpected event that causes loss?

The term that is defined as an unexpected event that causes loss is "occurrence." In the context of insurance, an occurrence refers to an event that results in damage or injury, which is essential when determining liabilities and adjusting claims. An occurrence encapsulates the idea of chance and unpredictability, which is fundamental in defining insured risks.

When discussing situations that lead to an insurance claim, "occurrence" is often used in policy language to specify the events that are covered under an insurance contract. This can include a wide range of unexpected events such as natural disasters, accidents, or unforeseen incidents that lead to financial loss.

Other terms may discuss various aspects of the claims process or incidents, but "occurrence" specifically captures the essence of an unexpected event leading to a loss, which aligns directly with the definition provided in the question. Recognizing this term as significant in insurance terminology helps to clarify concepts related to risk management and liability assessments.